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operation
NOUN:

1. an act or instance, process, or manner of functioning or operating.

2. the state of being operative (usually preceded by in or into):
a rule no longer in operation.

3. the power to act; efficacy, influence, or force.

4. the exertion of force, power, or influence; agency:
the operation of alcohol on the mind.

5. a process of a practical or mechanical nature in some form of work or production:
a delicate operation in watchmaking.

6. a course or procedure of productive or industrial activity:
building operations.

7. a particular process or course:
​mental operations.

8. a business transaction, especially one of a speculative nature; deal:
a shady operation.

9. a business, especially one run on a large scale:
a multinational operation.

10. the act, process, or manner of operating.

11. the state of being in effect, in action, or operative (esp in the phrases "in' or "into operation").

12. a process, method, or series of acts, esp of a practical or mechanical nature.

13. the act, manner, or process of functioning.

14. a logical operation.

16. performance of a practical work or of something involving the practical application of principles or processes:
Practice until you can go through the whole operation without hesitation or thinking.

17. an exertion of power or influence:
the operation of a drug.

18. the quality or state of being functional or operative:
The plant is now in operation.

19. a method or manner of functioning:
a machine of very simple operation.

20. efficacy, potency —archaic except in legal usage.

21. a business transaction especially when speculative:
continued his operations in cotton futures.

22. a usually small business or establishment:
ran a struggling operation.

Examples: 

The family runs a small farming operation. // The company is a billion-dollar operation. —Merriam-Webster.

in surgery:

1. a procedure aimed at restoring or improving the health of a patient, as by correcting a malformation, removing diseased parts, implanting new parts, etc.

2. any manipulation of the body or one of its organs or parts to repair damage, arrest the progress of a disease, remove foreign matter, etc.

3. a surgical procedure, usually using instruments, for remedying an injury, ailment, defect, or dysfunction.

4. a surgical procedure for remedying an injury, ailment, defect, or dysfunction.

5. a procedure performed on a living body usually with instruments especially for the repair of damage or defect or the restoration of health:
needed an operation to remove his appendix.

of computers:

1. an action resulting from a single instruction.

2. a single step performed by a computer in the execution of a program.

in math:

1. a mathematical process, as addition, multiplication, or differentiation.

2. the action of applying a mathematical process to a quantity or quantities.

3. any procedure, such as addition, multiplication, involution, or differentiation, in which one or more numbers or quantities are operated upon according to specific rules.

4. a function from a set onto itself.

5. a process or action, such as addition, substitution, transposition, or differentiation, performed in a specified sequence and in accordance with specific rules.

6. any of various mathematical or logical processes (such as addition) of deriving one entity from others according to a rule:
Multiplication is one mathematical operation.

in military:

1. a campaign, mission, maneuver, or action.

2. Usually "operations," the conduct of a campaign, mission, etc.

3. a military or naval action, such as a campaign, manoeuvre, etc.

4. (capital and prenominal when part of a name):
Operation Crossbow.

5. a usually military action, mission, or maneuver including its planning and execution:
military operations for a large-scale invasion.

Origin:

1350–1400; Middle English operacioun < Latin operātiōn- (stem of operātiō), equivalent to operāt(us) (see operate) + -iōn- -ion. —Dictionary.com. //

First Known Use: 14th century. History and Etymology: Middle English operacion "work, action, procedure performed on a body, functioning," borrowed from Medieval Latin operātiōn-, operātiō, going back to Latin, "application of effort, functioning (of natural forces)," from operārī "to busy oneself, be at work" + -tiōn-, -tiō, suffix of action nouns — more at operate. —Merriam-Webster.

Sources: 1, 2.

operation
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