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reform
Reform Judaism:

Judaism marked by a liberal approach in nonobservance of much legal tradition regarded as irrelevant to the present and in shortening and simplification of traditional ritual. 

Compare conservative judaism, orthodox judaism.

Conservative Judaism:

Judaism as practiced especially among some U.S. Jews with adherence to the Torah and Talmud but with allowance for some departures in keeping with differing times and circumstances.

Orthodox Judaism:

Judaism that adheres to the Torah and Talmud as interpreted in an authoritative rabbinic law code and applies their principles and regulations to modern living.
 
Origin:

1300–50; (v.) Middle English reformen<Middle French reformer,Old French <Latin refōrmāre (see re-, form); (noun) partly derivative of the v., partly <French réforme. Dictionary 2: C14: via Old French from Latin reformāre to form again. —Dictionary.com. // 

First Known Use of reform: Verb (1): 14th century. Noun: 1606. Adjective: 1819. Verb (2): 14th century. History and Etymology for reform: Verb (1): Middle English, from Anglo-French refurmer, from Latin reformare, from re- + formare to form, from forma form. —Merriam-Webster.

Sources: 1, 2.

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